TAGS: nickel alloy | alloy | Metal |
Nickel is a versatile metal that is found in abundance in the earth’s crust and core. First discovered and isolated by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, a Swedish chemist and mineralogist, nickel exhibits several desirable properties that render it useful in industrial applications. For one, nickel is highly ductile and is valuable as an alloying element to alter the properties of other metals. For example, grades of stainless steel can be created by the addition of nickel to produce alloys that offer corrosion resistance and high-temperature endurance, making them ideal for uses in chemical plants where exposure to caustic substances may be expected.
Nickel alloy, also known as nickel-based alloy, is an alloy composed of nickel as the base and adding other elements. The Monel alloy containing about 30% copper produced around 1905 is an earlier nickel alloy. Nickel has good mechanical, physical and chemical properties. Adding appropriate elements can improve its oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature strength and improve certain physical properties. It has a wide range of applications in chemical, electronic, medical, aerospace and other sectors. use.
Properties of Nickel
Nickel, whose chemical symbol is Ni, has a silvery-white appearance and is a primordial element, with a face-centered cubic crystalline structure. It is magnetic at room temperature and has a Curie temperature of 253oC (487oF). Table 1 below summarizes some of the other key physical properties and characteristics of nickel.
Table 1 – Characteristics and Properties of Nickel (Ni)
|
Characteristic
|
Value
|
|
Atomic number
|
28
|
|
Atomic weight
|
58.69
|
|
Melting point
|
1453oC
|
|
Boiling Point
|
2730oC
|
|
Recyclable/Recoverable
|
Yes
|
|
Density
|
8.90 g/cm3 @ 25oC
|
|
Curie Temperature
|
253oC
|
|
Sound transmissibility
|
4,900 m/s @ room temperature
|
|
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
|
13.4 μm/(m-oK)
|
|
Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity
|
90.9 W/(m-oK)
|
|
Electrical Resistivity
|
69.3 nΩ-m @20oC
|
|
Young’s Modulus
|
200 GPa
|
|
Bulk Modulus
|
180 GPa
|
|
Shear modulus
|
76 GPa
|
|
Poisson’s ratio
|
0.31
|
|
Mohs hardness
|
4.0
|
|
Vickers hardness
|
638 MPa
|
Nickel Alloy Form Factors
Suppliers of nickel alloys offer them in a variety of form factors which commonly include:
Angles
Balls
Pipe
Tubing
Bars
Billets
Ingots
Channels
Coils
Wire
Rods
Sheets
Plate
Strips
Flanges
Forgings
Pipe fittings
Other material form options such as forged rings, billets, or blocks may be available from suppliers as needed by quote.
Common Nickel Alloy Trade Names
Below in Table 2 are some of the more common trade names of the types of nickel alloys sold in the marketplace.
Table 2 – Common Nickel Alloy Types and Trade Names
|
Name
|
Alloy type
|
Alternative trade names
|
|
Nickel 200
|
99% + pure Nickel
|
Nickel 99.2
|
|
Nickel 201
|
99% + pure Nickel
|
Nickel 201, LC Nickel 99.2
|
|
Monel 400®
|
Nickel-Copper
|
Nickelvac® 400, Nicorros® 400
|
|
Monel R405®
|
Nickel-Copper
|
|
|
Monel K500®
|
Nickel-Copper
|
|
|
Inconel 600®
|
Nickel-Chromium-Iron
|
Nickelvac® 600, Ferrochronin® 600
|
|
Inconel 601®
|
Nickel-Chromium-Iron
|
Pyromet® 601, Nicrofer® 601
|
|
Inconel 617®
|
Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt
|
Nicrofer® 617
|
|
Inconel 625®
|
Nickel-Chromium-Iron
|
Chornin® 625, Altemp® 625, Nickelvac® 625, Haynes® 625 Nicrofer® 6020
|
|
Inconel 718®
|
Nickel-Chromium-Iron
|
Nicrofer® 5219, Alvac® 718, Haynes® 718, Altemp® 718
|
|
Inconel X750®
|
Nickel-Chromium-Iron
|
Haynes X750®, Pyromet® X750, Nickelvac®X750, Nicorros® 7016
|
|
Incoloy 800®
|
Nickel-Chromium-Iron
|
Ferrochronin® 800, Nickelvac® 800, Nicrofer® 3220
|
|
Incoloy 825®
|
Nickel-Chromium-Iron
|
Nickelvac® 825, Nicrofer 4241®
|
|
Hastelloy C22®
|
Chromium-Molybdenum-Tungsten
|
Inconel® 22, Nicrofer® 5621
|
|
Hastelloy C276®
|
Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum
|
Nickelvac® HC-276, Inconel® 276, Nicrofer® 5716
|
|
Hastelloy B2®
|
Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum
|
Nimofer® 6928
|
|
Hastelloy X®
|
Nickel-Chromium-Iron-Molybdenum
|
Nickelvac® HX, Nicrofer® 4722, Altemp® HX, Inconel® HX
|
|
Vascomax® C250
|
Nickel-Cobalt-Molybdenum
|
Maraging C250™, Maraging 250™
|
|
Vascomax® 300
|
Nickel-Cobalt-Molybdenum
|
Maraging 300, Maraging C300®, and Vascomax® C300
|
|
Vascomax® C350
|
Nickel-Cobalt-Steel
|
Maraging C350™
|
|
Rene® 41
|
Nickel-Chromium
|
|
|
Multimet® N155
|
Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt
|
|
|
Waspaloy 25™
|
Nickel-Cobalt
|
|
|
Invar 36®
|
Nickel-Iron
|
Nilo 6®, Pernifer 6®
|
|
Invar 42®
|
Nickel-Iron
|
Nilo 42®
|
Nickel-based Alloy Grade Comparison Table
Here is a common nickel-based alloy grade comparison table:
|
ASTM/ASME
|
UNS
|
DIN
|
EN
|
AFNOR
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
B163
|
N02200
|
2.4066
|
Ni99.2
|
NC-NF
|
|
B163
|
N02201
|
2.4068
|
Ni99
|
NC-ND
|
|
B165
|
N04400
|
2.4360
|
NiCu30Fe
|
NC-Monel
|
|
B725
|
N04400
|
2.4360
|
NiCu30Fe
|
NC-Monel
|
|
B163
|
N06600
|
2.4816
|
NiCr15Fe
|
NC15Fe
|
|
B167
|
N06600
|
2.4816
|
NiCr15Fe
|
NC15Fe
|
|
B407
|
N08800
|
1.4876
|
X10NiCrAlTi32-20
|
NC Fe45Nb
|
|
B163
|
N08825
|
2.4858
|
NiCr22Mo9Nb
|
NC22DNB
|
|
B423
|
N08825
|
2.4858
|
NiCr22Mo9Nb
|
NC22DNB
|
|
B622
|
N10276
|
2.4819
|
NiMo16Cr15W
|
NC17D
|
|
B619
|
N06022
|
2.4602
|
NiCr21Mo14W
|
NC22EFW
|
|
B622
|
N06022
|
2.4602
|
NiCr21Mo14W
|
NC22EFW
|
Please note that there may be variations in the naming conventions and standards used by different countries and organizations. This table serves as a general reference only.
Compositions of some common nickel alloys.
|
UNS No
|
Al
|
Cr
|
Co
|
Fe
|
Mo
|
Ni
|
Nb+Ta
|
Ti
|
W
|
|
N10276
|
|
15.5
|
|
5.5
|
16
|
57
|
|
|
3.8
|
|
N06600
|
|
15.5
|
|
8
|
|
76
|
|
|
|
|
N06625
|
|
21.5
|
|
|
9
|
61
|
3.6
|
|
|
|
N08800
|
|
21
|
|
46
|
|
32.5
|
|
|
|
|
N07718
|
0.5
|
19
|
|
18.5
|
3
|
52.5
|
5.1
|
|
|
|
N07090
|
1.5
|
19.5
|
16.5
|
|
|
60
|
|
2.5
|
|
Typical properties of some common nickel alloys.
|
UNS No
|
Condition
|
UTS (MPa)
|
0.2 Proof Stress (MPa)
|
Elong. On 5cm (%)
|
Hardness (HB)
|
1000hr Ruptire Str. 750°C (MPa)
|
|
N10276
|
Annealed
|
790
|
415
|
50
|
184
|
N/a
|
|
N06600
|
Annealed
|
550-690
|
210-430
|
55-35
|
120-170
|
38
|
|
N06625
|
Annealed
|
930
|
520
|
45
|
180
|
160
|
|
N08800
|
Annealed
|
520-690
|
210-410
|
60-30
|
120-184
|
70 (700°C)
|
|
N07718
|
Age Hardened
|
1350
|
1180
|
17
|
382
|
170
|
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