Technical library
Reference information for a better specification. Confirm the applicable standard and actual material certificate.
71 references
AH36 vs DH36 vs EH36: what changes in the specification?
These grades share the 36 strength family but have different impact-test categories. Compare certificates and project rules before approving a substitution.
View reference ↗guideAlloy engineering steel: quenching, tempering and surface hardening
Engineering grades such as 34CrMo4, 42CrMo4 and 20MnB5 require application-specific heat treatment and test evidence. They are not automatically approved hull structural grades.
View reference ↗guideBending and forming ship plate: radius, heating and acceptance
Specify the required finished geometry and have the fabricator confirm a procedure for the grade, thickness and delivery condition. A universal minimum bend radius is unreliable.
View reference ↗guideCharpy impact testing for AH36, DH36 and EH36 plates
Specify temperature, energy, orientation, thickness band and specimen size together. A number such as 34 J is not a complete Charpy requirement.
View reference ↗guideClass certification of steel plate: ABS, CCS, DNV, LR and others
Specify the classification society and document requirement in the purchase order. A grade name, mill approval and a plate-specific certificate are three different pieces of evidence.
View reference ↗guideCutting and drilling marine steel plate without losing traceability
Select oxyfuel, plasma, laser, waterjet or machining according to thickness, edge requirement and production conditions. Retain plate identity through every subdivision.
View reference ↗guideGeneral carbon structural steels used around marine projects
A36, A283 Grade C, Q235B, S235JR and SS400 are general structural designations. They should not be advertised as substitutes for class hull grades solely because their strength appears similar.
View reference ↗guideHow shipbuilding steel plate is manufactured and released
A controlled plate route links steelmaking, casting, rolling, cooling, testing and identification. Final release depends on conformity evidence, not surface appearance.
View reference ↗guideHow to read and verify a steel mill test certificate
An effective certificate review connects each delivered plate to its heat, grade, final condition and accepted test results. Keep commercial and inspection documents consistent.
View reference ↗guideHull plate fatigue, brittle fracture and structural assessment
Grade selection supports structural reliability, but fatigue life and brittle-fracture resistance require the complete welded detail, loading and inspection context.
View reference ↗guideHull steel at elevated temperature and fire exposure
Room-temperature tensile certification does not establish the capacity of a heated or fire-damaged structure. Temperature, duration, restraint and the complete assembly matter.
View reference ↗guideLow-alloy structural plate: strength, processing and test evidence
Low-alloy structural steel is a broad family rather than a single performance level. Specify the exact grade and thickness band before comparing strength, toughness or cost.
View reference ↗guideMarine bulb flats: HP dimensions, grades and certification
Bulb flats are stiffening sections. Identify the exact section table and grade; a plate property table does not fully specify a rolled section.
View reference ↗guideMarine steel corrosion protection and coating specification
Conventional AH36, DH36 and EH36 are structural steel grades, not guarantees of seawater corrosion resistance. Specify the protective system for the exposure and service.
View reference ↗guideNickel alloys for marine and industrial equipment
Nickel alloy selection is specific to corrosion, temperature, strength and fabrication requirements. Nickel-based alloys are not a single material with interchangeable properties.
View reference ↗guideNormalized vs TMCP ship plate: delivery condition and fabrication
Delivery condition is part of the material specification. Normalizing, normalizing rolling and thermomechanical processing are different routes and must not be treated as interchangeable labels.
View reference ↗guideOffshore structural plate vs shipbuilding plate
Offshore and hull steels can share strength levels while following different standards, supplementary requirements and approval routes. Similar numbers in grade names do not establish equivalence.
View reference ↗guidePlate flatness, weld distortion and dimensional control
Distinguish mill plate flatness from distortion introduced by cutting, forming and welding. They have different acceptance criteria and corrective actions.
View reference ↗guidePressure vessel plate for marine auxiliary equipment
Pressure equipment uses its own design code and material rules. A shipbuilding plate certificate does not automatically qualify material for a boiler or pressure vessel.
View reference ↗guideSeamless steel pipe: dimensions, grades and pressure service
Specify seamless pipe by outside diameter × wall thickness × length, product standard and grade. A schedule number needs its nominal pipe size and dimensional standard.
View reference ↗guideSelecting hull plate thickness: design inputs and purchasing
Plate thickness is determined by approved structural design, corrosion provisions and fabrication requirements. A material supplier’s grade table is not a scantling calculation.
View reference ↗guideShip plate chemistry: carbon, manganese and microalloying
Chemical analysis helps explain weldability and strength, but a compliant chemical composition does not replace mechanical testing or class certification.
View reference ↗guideShip plate dimensions, flatness and thickness tolerances
Order plate as thickness × width × length in millimetres, with a named tolerance standard. Nominal size and measured acceptance limits must be recorded separately.
View reference ↗guideShip plate mechanical properties and acceptance testing
A useful test result identifies the grade, heat, plate, specimen, orientation and acceptance rule. Strength, ductility, impact toughness and hardness answer different questions.
View reference ↗guideShip plate quotation: price drivers, delivery and RFQ checklist
A comparable quotation states the same grade, class requirement, dimensions, condition, tests, quantity and delivery terms. Price and lead time require a current project-specific offer.
View reference ↗guideShipbuilding steel grades: strength, toughness and class selection
Select hull steel by strength level, impact-test category, thickness and approved supply condition. The grade name alone does not define every acceptance requirement.
View reference ↗guideStainless steel plate in marine systems: 304, 316 and 321 families
Stainless steel selection depends on exposure, temperature, fabrication and localized-corrosion risk. It is not automatically a replacement for structural hull steel.
View reference ↗guideSteel grade equivalence: how to use cross-reference handbooks
Treat a cross-reference as a starting point for comparison. Similar chemical composition or strength does not establish approved interchangeability for shipbuilding, pressure equipment or welded structures.
View reference ↗guideSteel plate weight: formula, units and purchasing checks
For an approximate carbon-steel plate weight, multiply volume by a nominal density of 7,850 kg/m³. Actual dispatch mass depends on measured dimensions and weighing terms.
View reference ↗guideSurface defects, lamination and inspection of ship plate
Visual inspection, thickness measurement and ultrasonic examination detect different conditions. Define acceptance before deciding whether a plate can be repaired or used.
View reference ↗guideTransport, storage and handling of certified steel plates
Protect both the physical plate and its identity. Damage, mixed heat markings or lost cutting records can delay acceptance even when the chemistry is compliant.
View reference ↗guideWelding shipbuilding steel: WPS, heat input and hydrogen control
Use an approved welding procedure for the actual grade, thickness, joint and process. No single preheat temperature or heat-input limit applies to every AH36, DH36 or EH36 weld.
View reference ↗20MnB5EN 10083-3 20MnB5: Material Identity & Procurement
20MnB5 is a boron-alloy engineering-steel designation. Boron effectiveness depends on steelmaking and heat-treatment controls, so a nominal chemistry label does not establish the properties of a finished section. For a +QT enquiry, agree the ruling section, final treatment, core properties and inspe
View reference ↗20MnMoNi4-5EN 10028-2 20MnMoNi4-5: Material Identity & Procurement
20MnMoNi4-5 is a pressure-purpose alloy designation. Its manganese-molybdenum-nickel framework makes the full chemistry and final heat-treatment route relevant to selection. The handbook reproduces an EN 10028-2:2017 chemistry row on PDF page 281; use it as historical context while the contract code
View reference ↗27MnCrB5-2EN 10083-3 27MnCrB5-2: Material Identity & Procurement
27MnCrB5-2 is an alloy engineering-steel designation whose complete number and suffix should be preserved. The manganese, chromium and boron framework supports an application-specific treatment route; it is not a prequalified hull steel. Check the exact EN product specification, ruling section and f
View reference ↗304LNASTM A240 304LN: Material Identity & Procurement
304LN is a low-carbon, nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless designation. The nitrogen and carbon controls need checking in the exact ASTM A240/A240M edition, not a generic 304 composition table. Specify product condition and service exposure; low carbon does not confer immunity to chloride pitting
View reference ↗316LASTM A240 316L: Material Identity & Procurement
316L is a low-carbon molybdenum-containing austenitic stainless designation. In a marine enquiry, identify whether the surface is immersed, shielded by a crevice, exposed to deposits or subject to elevated temperature. Those conditions can be more consequential than a broad description of the materi
View reference ↗316LNASTM A240 316LN: Material Identity & Procurement
316LN must be distinguished from 316L because its nitrogen-related requirements affect the specified chemistry and mechanical framework. Retain the full designation in the heat certificate and any weld procedure review. A change from L to LN is not merely a spelling update or automatic corrosion-per
View reference ↗321ASTM A240 321: Material Identity & Procurement
Grade 321 is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless designation. Stabilization, final heat treatment and service temperature need to be evaluated for the actual fabricated component. Do not assume that a stabilized grade is immune to chloride attack or that its weld and heat-treatment requiremen
View reference ↗34Cr4EN 10083-1 34Cr4: Material Identity & Procurement
34Cr4 is a chromium engineering-steel designation. Distinguish it from chromium-molybdenum and nickel-chromium-molybdenum grades when comparing hardenability and final section properties. If the legacy reference names an old EN 10083 part, verify the correct product part and applicable edition rathe
View reference ↗34CrMo4EN 10083-1 34CrMo4: Material Identity & Procurement
34CrMo4 is a chromium-molybdenum engineering-steel designation. Its properties after quenching and tempering depend on the ruling section and processing history. Retain the Mo-containing grade identity in purchasing records and obtain the final-condition test evidence; a generic alloy-steel hardness
View reference ↗34CrNiMo6EN 10083-1 34CrNiMo6: Material Identity & Procurement
34CrNiMo6 is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum engineering-steel designation. Consider the complete section and treatment when specifying demanding components. It must not be confused with 42CrMo4 merely because a legacy description copied the wrong grade name; chemical identity and certificate traceabil
View reference ↗380ASTM A572 380: Material Identity & Procurement
ASTM A572 Grade 380 is a metric grade designation within a structural specification. It is not a general numerical hardness or a class hull designation. State the exact A572/A572M edition, product form and thickness scope; confirm the relationship between metric and inch-pound grade naming from that
View reference ↗42CrMo4EN 10083-1 42CrMo4: Material Identity & Procurement
42CrMo4 is a chromium-molybdenum engineering-steel designation. The legacy page mixed it with a description of 34CrNiMo6; this reference keeps them distinct. If a part is surface hardened, specify the core condition and required case or effective hardened depth separately from surface hardness.
View reference ↗42CrMoS4EN 10083-1 42CrMoS4: Material Identity & Procurement
42CrMoS4 retains an S-bearing grade distinction within the engineering-steel family. Do not substitute the non-S 42CrMo4 designation without comparing the applicable chemistry and manufacturing requirements. For surface-hardened components, the order must distinguish core properties, surface hardnes
View reference ↗AASTM A724 A: Material Identity & Procurement
ASTM A724 Grade A must be identified with the complete standard and grade name. The letter A alone is ambiguous and must not be confused with normal-strength shipbuilding Grade A. Verify the quenched-and-tempered condition, product scope, thickness-dependent acceptance and pressure-equipment code re
View reference ↗P235GHEN 10028-2 P235GH: Material Identity & Procurement
P235GH is a pressure-purpose designation. The 235 strength designation must be interpreted with the thickness-dependent room-temperature values and the elevated-temperature tables in the specified edition. It is not a constant allowable design stress at any temperature. The supplied fourth-edition h
View reference ↗P265GHEN 10028-2 P265GH: Material Identity & Procurement
P265GH needs a product-form check: plate under EN 10028-2 and forged pressure-purpose bars under EN 10273 have different scopes. Do not use a plate certificate to qualify a forged part merely because both documents contain P265GH. Confirm the final condition, ruling thickness and equipment code befo
View reference ↗P265GHEN 10273 P265GH: Material Identity & Procurement
P265GH needs a product-form check: plate under EN 10028-2 and forged pressure-purpose bars under EN 10273 have different scopes. Do not use a plate certificate to qualify a forged part merely because both documents contain P265GH. Confirm the final condition, ruling thickness and equipment code befo
View reference ↗P275NHEN 10028-3 P275NH: Material Identity & Procurement
P275NH is a fine-grain pressure-purpose designation. The complete NH suffix and the stated EN 10028-3 edition must accompany the grade in the purchase schedule. Compare its elevated-temperature and toughness provisions with the equipment duty rather than assuming that the number 275 defines one usab
View reference ↗P275NL1EN 10028-3 P275NL1: Material Identity & Procurement
P275NL1 carries an NL1 suffix that must be retained in the material certificate and order. It belongs to a different specification family from ordinary hull plate and from the GH pressure-purpose series. Establish the required low-temperature tests using the exact EN 10028-3 edition and equipment de
View reference ↗P275NL2EN 10028-3 P275NL2: Material Identity & Procurement
P275NL2 must be reviewed as a complete pressure-purpose grade. NL1 and NL2 are distinct designations; replacing one with the other requires a comparison of the applicable toughness, test and production requirements. The inspection plan should identify the final heat-treatment condition and the speci
View reference ↗P275SLEN 10207 P275SL: Material Identity & Procurement
P275SL appears in the legacy database under EN 10207. Treat the exact product specification and edition as an essential review item, particularly for pressure-purpose applications. Do not silently relabel this historical designation as a modern GH, NH or NL grade. Establish the successor or alternat
View reference ↗P295GHEN 10028-2 P295GH: Material Identity & Procurement
P295GH belongs to the non-alloy pressure-purpose family addressed by EN 10028-2. The numeral distinguishes its grade within that framework; actual strength acceptance still depends on thickness and temperature. Keep the material specification separate from the vessel design code, which determines al
View reference ↗P355GHEN 10028-2 P355GH: Material Identity & Procurement
P355GH is a pressure-purpose plate designation rather than a class hull grade. Compare it with other GH grades using the same product form, thickness band and delivery condition. The handbook’s EN 10028-2:2017 row on PDF page 279 provides a historical chemistry reference; chemistry alone does not es
View reference ↗P355NHEN 10028-3 P355NH: Material Identity & Procurement
P355NH combines a pressure-purpose strength designation with a specified fine-grain delivery and property framework. Check its EN 10028-3 requirements independently of P355GH and S355N. The similar numeral does not harmonize their product scope, elevated-temperature data, chemistry or certificate ac
View reference ↗P355NL1EN 10028-3 P355NL1: Material Identity & Procurement
P355NL1 is a pressure-purpose fine-grain designation. Keep the low-temperature suffix distinct from NH and NL2 when reviewing material schedules. A heat analysis alone does not establish the required impact category, elongation specimen basis or final condition; these belong in the exact product and
View reference ↗P355NL2EN 10028-3 P355NL2: Material Identity & Procurement
P355NL2 requires verification against its own EN 10028-3 grade requirements and the vessel design duty. Do not select it solely by matching the nominal strength of an ordinary structural plate. Compare toughness, thickness scope, delivery condition and supplementary testing before proposing any repl
View reference ↗S235J2EN 10025-2 S235J2: Material Identity & Procurement
S235J2 should be identified with its complete impact suffix and EN 10025-2 product context. It is not interchangeable with S235JR simply because the strength numerals match. For supports and non-hull components, the approved drawing determines whether the grade is acceptable and what inspection docu
View reference ↗S275J2EN 10025-2 S275J2: Material Identity & Procurement
The J2 suffix in S275J2 concerns the impact category in its EN structural product framework. Retain that suffix in quotations and certificates; S275, S275JR and S275J2 should not be treated as identical order descriptions. Evaluate the delivery condition and thickness-dependent properties against th
View reference ↗S275NEN 10025-3 S275N: Material Identity & Procurement
S275N is a fine-grain structural designation that includes its delivery framework. Its numerical strength family does not specify every thickness-dependent mechanical value or impact requirement. Keep a proposed S275N replacement separate from S275J2 or a hull grade until the design and inspection r
View reference ↗S355G2EN 10225 (historical designation) S355G2: Material Identity & Procurement
S355G2 is retained from the historical EN 10225 offshore material designation used by the original site. A new project needs the exact edition and any suffixes required by its specification. Do not infer current equivalence from S355 alone, and verify whether normalized or normalizing-formed supply
View reference ↗S355G5EN 10225 (historical designation) S355G5: Material Identity & Procurement
S355G5 is retained as a historical EN 10225 offshore designation. The original record specified a thermomechanically rolled condition, which requires attention to subsequent heating and welding. Verify the exact edition, final suffixes, mill approval and fabrication envelope before adopting it in a
View reference ↗S355J2EN 10025-2 S355J2: Material Identity & Procurement
S355J2 is a general structural designation whose strength band and impact conditions are governed by the applicable EN product standard. Do not shorten the enquiry to S355 if the approved design calls for J2. Its nominal strength family does not make it equivalent to DH36 or EH36, which follow their
View reference ↗S355K2EN 10025-2 S355K2: Material Identity & Procurement
S355K2 and S355J2 retain distinct suffixes for a reason: the specified impact-energy requirement differs within the EN structural framework. They should not be merged in stock records or a substitution comparison. The applicable thickness band, sample condition and delivery route still need to be ve
View reference ↗S355NEN 10025-3 S355N: Material Identity & Procurement
S355N belongs to the normalized or normalizing-rolled fine-grain structural framework. It must be distinguished from S355NL, S355JR and thermomechanically rolled grades. Reheating during fabrication needs to remain compatible with the approved material and welding requirements, and class hull accept
View reference ↗S355NLEN 10025-3 S355NL: Material Identity & Procurement
S355NL retains the low-temperature suffix in the normalized fine-grain structural family. A comparison with S355N should include the impact-test requirement as well as chemistry and strength. Do not use the designation to infer a universal minimum operating temperature or equivalence to an EH hull c
View reference ↗S420NEN 10025-3 S420N: Material Identity & Procurement
S420N is in a higher strength family than S355N within the applicable fine-grain structural framework. The numeral does not eliminate thickness dependence or the need for weld qualification. A structural redesign must still consider stiffness, buckling, fatigue details and fabrication rather than re
View reference ↗S420NLEN 10025-3 S420NL: Material Identity & Procurement
S420NL combines the structural strength family and an NL toughness designation. Compare it with S420N without dropping the suffix and check the thickness-specific property tables in the ordered edition. Higher base-metal strength is not an automatic increase in allowable welded fatigue stress.
View reference ↗St 37.0DIN 1629 St 37.0: Material Identity & Procurement
St 37.0 in the legacy record is associated with DIN 1629 tubular products. The decimal and suffix are part of the historical designation; it should not be confused with St37-2 structural plate. Identify the pipe form, outside diameter, wall, condition and applicable successor specification before pl
View reference ↗St 44.0DIN 1629 St 44.0: Material Identity & Procurement
St 44.0 is retained as a historical DIN 1629 tubular-product reference. It does not define a plate grade or a piping-system pressure rating. Review the exact pipe dimensions, product condition, certificate and modern or contract-specific specification; do not turn a strength comparison into a pressu
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